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Welcome To The Ultimate Cancer Diet And Nutrition Guide!
Thank you for your interest in The Ultimate Cancer Diet And Nutrition Guide! I hope you will learn a lot and know how to prevent cancer with your diet.
Our food is one of our biggest sources of energy. We need it to stay strong and survive. Unhealthy food, however, can be dangerous and destroy our health.
The Standard American Diet makes us sick. It is full of animal products, fat, and processed food. To stay healthy, we need to absorb nutrients from what we eat. Processed food is void of nutrients and therefore make us weak.
Every animal on the planet has their perfect diet. Carnivores like lions and tigers thrive on meat.
Their anatomy makes them capable of ingesting meat without a problem. But if they eat vegetables, they become sick and weak.
Other animals like horses, elephants, and rhinos thrive on a plant-based diet. Many believe that humans are carnivores like lions, but that is not true.
Plants are our preferred source of energy. They contain all the protein, minerals, and vitamins we need except for Vitamin D and B12. We become strong and fit when we eat plants. Humans and carnivores have different anatomies as shown in the box below.
Humans | Carnivores |
---|---|
Small mouth | Wide mouth |
Can move mouth side to side | Can only move mouth up and down |
Small canines and teeth | Large canines and teeth |
Long intestines | Short intestines |
Gastric pH 4-5 | Gastric pH 1-2 |
Hands and nails | Sharp claws |
No instinct to kill animals | Instinct to kill animals |
No fat or protein receptors on tongue | Fat and protein receptors on tongue |
Thrive on starch, vegetables, fruits | Thrive on meat |
Animal products like meat, dairy, steaks, and pork chops make us ill. They increase our risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Vegetables from whole foods decrease our cancer risk.
In this nutrition guide, you’re going to learn how to eat a healthy whole food low-fat plant-based diet.
You will discover:
When you eat the HCLF-diet you have a better chance of fighting cancer. The first concept you have to understand is macronutrients. So what is it exactly?
Section 1: Macronutrients
The dictionary definition of macro is "large in scale and scope." Nutrient means "source of nourishment." So together they mean "a large in scale source of nourishment."
Macronutrients are broader groups of nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. We need to eat them in bulk. Water is also a macronutrient even if it doesn't contain any nutrients. So let's start looking at water and then the other macronutrients.
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Chapter 1: The Health Benefits Of Water
Your body mass consists of up to 75% water. Water plays an essential role in our digestion, waste removal, and temperature regulation. Although it yields no energy, it is vital for life.
Water makes up a large part of our foods, too. Fruits and vegetables have high water content and can keep you hydrated. The human body can survive for long periods without food.
Going without water for a few days can be detrimental. Dehydration may lead to dry skin, dizziness, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, and even death.
So what causes dehydration?
What Causes Dehydration?
There are many reasons you can get dehydrated, one of them is stress. When you’re under pressure, your adrenal glands pump out stress hormones. As adrenal fatigue progresses, your body becomes dehydrated.
Many people don’t drink enough water. They can drink less than six glasses of water per day and replace it with unhealthy alternatives.
Sodas, coffee, caffeinated tea, and alcohol, damages the body. Caffeine can trigger stress responses that have strong diuretic effects. Millions of people drink sodas instead of water.
Sodas have massive amounts of sugar and awful chemicals. One can of soda contains ten teaspoons of sugar. Soda has phosphoric acid, which interferes with the body’s ability to absorb calcium.
Ditching regular sodas for diet sodas don’t protect you from harm. Diet sodas add aspartame instead of sugar. Aspartame is behind almost one hundred different health problems including brain tumors and diabetes.
High Fructose Corn Syrup is another sweetener common in sodas. It's not better than sugar and is often genetically modified. Soft drinks do not contain any nutritional value. They are acidic, and bad for our health.
Alcohol has a detrimental effect on your body. When you drink alcohol, your liver needs to work in overdrive to get rid of the toxins.
Excessive alcohol can scar and damage the liver, and increase the risk of liver cancer. Another thing to look out for in your water is fluoride and chloride.
The Toxins In Our Water Supply And How To Avoid Them
Many water supplies in America apply fluoride to the water. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a toxic waste product from the aluminum production. It has damaging effects on any living organism.
Fluoride in the water does not help your teeth. It also accumulates in the bones and causes a bone disease called skeletal fluorosis.
Many countries put chlorine in the water supply. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas with a strong odor. Soldiers used it during World War I as a chemical weapon.
Today we use it to disinfect everything from tap water to industrial waste, and swimming pools. The main reason for adding chlorine to water is to kill harmful pathogens. We use chlorine not because of its safety or efficiency, but due to its low price.
One of the best ways you can invest in your health is to buy a water purification system. A good brand is Berkey. It removes pathogens, heavy metals, pharmaceutical drugs, rust, and more.
With the Berkey, you can filter about 6000 gallons of water before you have to change the black filters. Drink about 6-8 cups(2 liters) or more of water every day.
Don’t forget to take more water when you exercise or the weather is hot.
Another macronutrient we need is protein. So let’s learn what it is and how to get it on a plant-based diet.
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Chapter 2: What Is Protein?
Protein is one of our macronutrients. It consists of chains of 20 different amino acids. Our stomach acids and intestinal enzymes convert protein into individual amino acids.
These components then go through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream. After these amino cells enter the body's cells, they convert back into proteins.
Proteins are structural materials that maintain cell shapes and enzymes. They also help cells signal between each other. Protein is essential for our health because it builds and maintains muscles.
Our protein requirement goes up as we make muscles. What distinguishes protein from carbs and fats is nitrogen.
There are eight amino acids that people cannot make themselves. Therefore we must get them from our diet. Plants and microorganisms can synthesize all individual amino acids to build proteins.
But wait a minute! Don't plants contain incomplete protein? Let's talk about this common myth and why it is not true.
Plants Contain All The Protein We Need
Contrary to common belief, plants contain all the protein we need so long as we eat enough calories per day. We don’t need to eat animal products to stay healthy. Plants are rich sources of protein.
Huge herbivorous animals like elephants, horses, rhinos, and gorillas are not protein deficient. They are one of the strongest animals on earth.
Many people believe that plants don't contain enough protein and that you need to get if from meat. But that is a myth that started in 1971. At that time Frances Moore Lappé wrote the book "Diet for a Small Planet."
Lappé believed that plant protein was incomplete. She suggested that vegetarians needed to combine various plants to prevent protein deficiencies. Lappé retracted this statement in a revised edition of this book.
She said that you could get adequate protein from plants if consuming enough calories. But it was too late. People already believed that plants lacked complete protein.
If you eat enough calories on a plant-based diet, you will not become protein deficient. Just eat beans, fruits, vegetables, and grains and don't worry about it.
Here is a list of some plant foods with lots of protein:
Top Plant Foods With Protein
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Firm Tofu | 43.5g (87% DV) in 1 cup |
Tempeh | 33.7g (67% DV) in 1 cup |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 31.3g (63% DV) in 1 cup |
Extra Firm Fortified Tofu | 23g (46% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 22.2g (44% DV) in 1 cup |
Tempeh Cooked | 19.9g (40% DV) in 100g |
Canned Navy Beans | 19.7g (39% DV) in 1 cup |
Edamame | 18.5g (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 17.9g (36% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Large White Beans | 17.4g (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Adzuki Beans | 17.3g (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Natto | 17.1g (34% DV) in 1/2 cup |
Cranberry Beans (Roman Beans) | 16.5g (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Split Peas | 16.3g (33% DV) in 1 cup |
California Red Kidney Beans | 16.2g (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Small White Beans | 16.1g (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Pinto Beans (cooked) | 15.4g (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Kidney Beans | 15.3g (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Beans | 15.2g (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Turtle Beans | 15.1g (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Navy Beans | 15g (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Great Northern Beans | 14.7g (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Lima Beans | 14.7g (29% DV) in 1 cup |
50g Protein = 100% DV, Data from Myfooddata
It’s almost impossible to design a protein-deficient diet that isn’t also a starvation diet. Only plants can synthesize protein. When carnivores eat other herbivores, they use the protein that they got from plants.
We don’t need to consume all the essential amino acids at every meal. Humans are good recyclers of amino acids. When we aren’t eating enough protein, we can reuse amino acids at 90% efficiency.
Too much protein in our diet can also be toxic.
What Happens When You Eat Too Much Protein?
There’s a limit to how much protein our bodies can use. Our GI tracts limit the amount of protein we can digest. Overconsumption of protein overworks the liver and kidneys and can cause protein toxicity.
The liver and kidneys work best when we don't overconsume protein. Proteins consist of amino acids and are acidic by nature. Animal proteins are abundant in sulfur-containing amino acids.
These break down into sulfuric acid. It is abundant in hard cheese, red meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs. Your body uses calcium found in your bones to neutralize these acids.
As your calcium levels deplete, your bones weaken and lead to osteoporosis. Released bone materials often settle in the kidneys, causing kidney stones. Most fruits and vegetables are alkaline and preserve bone health.
So what is the right amount of protein you need per day? You will be shocked by the answer.
How Much Protein Do You Need Per Day?
Many people will be shocked at how little protein we need per day. The recommended daily allowance of protein is relatively low. The US government says that we need around 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of lean body mass.
The WHO recommends a more conservative level of 0.66 grams of protein per kilogram of lean body mass. Since the U.S government uses an elevated RDA level, the WHO number is closer to your real needs.
The most popular protein formula is 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight. This number may be appropriate for endurance athletes, babies, and the bedridden elderly.
They have higher protein needs than the general public. But for everyone else, 1 gram per kilogram is way too much. Most people use body weight as a protein denominator.
A better way to calculate your protein need is to use lean body mass. Lean body mass is your body's weight without the fat.
You can calculate your lean body mass by using one of these three formulas:
Lean Body Mass Formula for Adults
The Boer Formula
For males:
eLBM = 0.407×weight(kg) + 0.267×height(cm) - 19.2
For females:
eLBM = 0.252×weight(kg) + 0.473×height(cm) - 48.3 2.
The James Formula
For males:
eLBM = 1.1×weight(kg) - 128×(weight(kg)/height(cm) ²
For females:
eLBM = 1.07×weight(kg) - 148×(weight(kg)/height(cm) ²
The Hume Formula
For males:
eLBM = 0.32810×weight(kg) + 0.33929×height(cm) - 29.5336
For females:
eLBM = 0.29569×weight(kg) + 0.41813×height(cm) - 43.2933
Example: Let's say John weighs 180 pounds(82 kg) and is 5.8 ft tall (177 cm).
Let's use the Boer Formula:
eLBM = 0.407×82 + 0.267×177 - 19.2= 61.43
John's lean body mass is 61.43 kg.
The correct RDA protein is thus 0.8 x 61.43, or 49 g per day. Or 0.66x 61.43= 40.54 g protein using WHO's protein prediction.
Measuring your protein intake by body weight is a mistake. Let's say that John gained weight by eating too much fat. He now weighs 200 pounds(90.71 kg).
If we calculated his protein need based on weight alone, then that would amount to: 0.8 grams x 90.71 kg(200lbs) = 72,54 g protein per day.
John's protein requirements didn't change because he gained weight. He still only needs between 40.54-49 g protein per day.
Another macronutrient we need is carbohydrates.
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Chapter 3: What Are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are our most important macronutrient. It is a significant building block of plants. It is our brain’s primary source of energy.
Carbs consist of glucose or sugar. Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and sunshine to form simple sugars. The name of this process is photosynthesis.
The most basic carbohydrate is glucose. If you look inside the plant’s cells, you can see that they join together into chains. Some chains attach to a straight line called amylose. Others connect in many branches called amylopectin.
There are three basic types of carbohydrates, sugar, cellulose, and starch. Each contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in specific configurations.
The simplest of these sugars include sucrose, fructose, lactose, and glucose. Sucrose is the granulated sugar you use when you bake cookies. Fructose makes fruits sweet.
Lactose in milk is the only animal food that contains carbohydrate. Most adults can't digest dairy because it is food for calves, not humans. Drinking dairy leads to diarrhea, stomach cramps, and gas.
Glucose is the pure sugar that comes together in chains to make cellulose and starch. Cellulose consists of chains of glucose bonded together by indigestible linkages.
You can find cellulose in the cell walls of plants, wood, and other organic matter. Our digestive system doesn’t have the enzymes to break down cellulose for fuel.
Although we get no energy from them, they are valuable to us for their dietary fiber. Plant foods contain both simple and complex carbohydrates in various amounts.
Fruits are often more than 90% carbohydrate. Most of their carbs are simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.
Green and yellow vegetables store most of their calories as complex carbohydrates. Since they contain few calories, the number of complex carbohydrates are low.
Beans, peas, and lentils are about 70% complex carbohydrates. Whole grains, potatoes, corn, and sweet potatoes contain large quantities of starch.
So what is starch and why do we need lots of it to succeed on a plant-based diet?
What Is Starch?
Human anatomy is herbivorous. We're meant to eat a diet consisting of plant foods. The natural diet of chimpanzees, our closest relative, is almost pure vegetarian.
Human and chimp DNA is roughly 99% identical. But that 1% difference includes genes to digest more starch. We thrive on starch.
The term “starch” comes from the Middle English word sterchen: to stiffen. In its pure form, starch is a white, odorless, tasteless powder.
Starch granules don’t dissolve in water, but heat causes them to swell and turn gelatinous. The starch gel cools into a paste that can act as a thickener, stiffener, or glue.
Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of sugar molecules. Plants store it for future use. They synthesize it from the sun and convert it into tiny starch granules. Plants use this reserve to survive the winter, re-grow the next year, and to reproduce.
Some vegetables contain more starch, they include:
Vegetables that contain lots of starch
Green and yellow vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and asparagus, contain little starch. Fruits have simple sugars, not complex ones.
All animal foods have no starch at all. You should center your diet around starch, and this is why.
Why You Should Center Your Diet Around Starch
Starch should be the basis of your diet and vegetables should have a smaller part. Plants don’t contain as many calories as meat does. Eating non-starchy vegetables will make you hungry within hours.
It takes longer time for your body to break down starches into glucose. Because of the slow release of sugars, you won't feel hungry right away.
Starch is a cheap way to get enough calories on a plant-based diet. They contain enough calories to meet the energy requirements of an active person.
Starchy vegetables are abundant in protein, fats, fibers, and minerals. Some single starches, for example, potatoes and sweet potatoes, are complete foods.
They can meet all of our nutritional needs alone. Grains and legumes are deficient in vitamins A and C. You need to combine them with fruits and vegetables to get these vitamins.
Loading up on carbohydrates several times a day will give you the energy to race through your busy life. But not all carbs are created equal.
Let's talk about refined carbohydrates and why you should avoid them.
Refined Carbs Are Not The Same As Whole Foods
When I say the word "glucose" or "sugar," most people think of white table sugar. You should not confuse white sugar to healthy sugars found in fruits and vegetables.
Granulated sugar goes through a hefty refining process. It contains no fibers, proteins, essential fats, vitamins or minerals. Therefore we call them empty calories.
Many Americans eat too little carbs. The few carbs they eat are often empty calories from white sugar, corn syrup, and fructose.
Refined sugar can provide some energy. But too much of it can lead to tooth decay and weakening of the body’s defense and repair systems.
The low-carb movement often mentions refined carbs when they want to demonize vegetables. While I agree that refined carbs are not health foods, that still doesn't mean that all plants are bad.
Cakes, potato chips, french fries, and cheap white bread are not healthy. Most products that contain refined carbs like white flower also has lots of fat.
A whole-food plant-based diet is an entirely different story. This diet contains all the nutrients, and vitamins that you need to stay healthy. You shouldn't be afraid of carbs as long as they come from whole foods.
Avoid refined carbs and don't eat processed junk food. Eat fruits and vegetables in their natural form, and there shouldn't be a problem. Another important macronutrient we need is fat.
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Chapter 4: What Are Fats?
Fat is an essential macronutrient. It consists of complex molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The body uses fat for energy storage when there is no food available.
Fats and oils differ in that fats are solid at room temperature, while oils are liquid. The reason has to do with their chemical structure. All fats consist of carbon atoms attached in long chains.
When the strings are more linear and rigid, they make the final products stable. When the chains bend and are more flexible and loose, they become a liquid.
There are only a few unsaturated fats we need and that our bodies can’t make by themselves. To get these essential fats, we have to eat them. More on that later.
Too much fat in our diet makes us fat and may lead to diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The fat you eat is the fat you wear. Fats contain a lot of calories, 9 per gram.
The body stores dietary fat in your liver, heart, and muscles. Too much fat in the body creates insulin resistance. This condition later leads to heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
Fat content in animal meat
Carrying around excess fat also puts stress on the joints, hips, and knees. Excess dietary fat alters your entire cellular metabolism and may lead to cancer.
Vegetable oils are not health foods. They contain 100% fat. Oils are no longer food. They supply concentrated calories but nothing else from plants.
Poly and monounsaturated fats found in vegetable oils depress the immune system. You should avoid all vegetable oils and margarine. Even cold pressed olive- and coconut oils are damaging.
All plants contain adequate fat if you eat enough calories. Fats in your diet should be low, around 5-10% of your daily calories. The safest and healthiest way to get your fats is through starches, vegetables, and fruits.
Vegetables have balanced fat levels. Carbs do not promote excess weight gain. That is because the body burns them off, rather than storing them when consumed in excess.
Obesity is almost unknown among billions of Asians that eat lots of rice. Starches are low in fat, about 1-8 %. Plants contain no cholesterol. They do not grow human pathogens, like salmonella, and E. Coli.
Some plant foods contain more fats like nuts, seeds, avocado, and coconuts. These are healthy fats. If you suffer from a severe condition like cancer, it is better to reduce or avoid them altogether.
There are two categories of fats: saturated fats and unsaturated fats. So let's look at what they are.
The Dangers Of Saturated Fat
Saturated fat is solid at room temperature. The word "saturated" refers to the number of hydrogen atoms surrounding each carbon atom.
Each chain of carbon atoms holds as many hydrogen atoms as possible You most often find saturated fat in animal foods. Some sources of saturated fat include:
- Red meat
- Chicken
- Butter
- Cheese
- Poultry
- Coconut oil
- Bacon
- Pork
- Dairy
- Shortening
- Beef
- Palm oil
- Sausages
- Cookies
Saturated fat creates inflammation in the body. A diet high in saturated fat raises your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. LDL( bad cholesterol) increase your risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
You can only find cholesterol in animal products. Plant foods never contain cholesterol. Animal foods, provide too much fat. Like all animals, we produce all the cholesterol we need. Our bodies, however, are terrible at eliminating excess cholesterol.
Cholesterol from animal foods accumulates in our skin and tendons. Too much of it blocks the arteries in the heart and brain.
This cumulation then leads to heart attacks and strokes. Cholesterol also promotes cancer development. Eggs contain more cholesterol than any other food.
Avoid saturated fat at all cost. The easiest way to do that is to stop eating animal products. Also, avoid coconut oils as their high saturated fat levels make them harmful to our health.
Another type of fat we get from our diet is unsaturated fat.
What Is Unsaturated Fat?
Unsaturated fat consists of fatty acid in which there is one or more double bond in the fatty acid chain. As oils, these fats are liquids at room temperature. You can also find them in solid foods. Dietary sources of unsaturated fats include:
- Avocado and avocado oil
- Peanut butter and peanut oil
- Fatty fish(salmon, mackerel)
- Olives and olive oil
- Vegetables oils
- Nuts and seeds
There are two subcategories of unsaturated fat, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats.
Monounsaturated Fats
Monounsaturated fat is a fatty acid with one double bond in the fatty acid chain. The rest is single-bonded. Monounsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, but start to harden when chilled.
Eating foods that are high in monounsaturated fats may help lower your "bad" LDL cholesterol. Monounsaturated fats may also keep "good" HDL cholesterol levels high.
But eating more unsaturated fat without cutting back on saturated fat may not lower your cholesterol. You should only get it from whole foods and not oils.
Polyunsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fats have many unsaturated chemical bonds. They stay liquid at room temperature and in the refrigerator. The term "polyunsaturated" refers to their chemical structure. Poly means many and unsaturated refers to double bonds.
Polyunsaturated fats include omega-3 and omega-6 fats. These are essential fatty acids that the body needs for brain function and cell growth. Our bodies do not make essential fatty acids, so you can only get them from food.
So what is omega 3, 6 and 9?
Fatty Acids Omega 3, 6, 9
Omega-3 is short for omega-3 fatty acid. It's an essential fatty acid in the human body. We can not produce it ourselves, so we must get it from our diet.
Omega refers to the placement of the double bonds on the fatty acid chain. Each fatty acid has a long string of carbon atoms. There is a carboxylic acid end called alpha and one methyl end named omega.
The number 3 means that the first double bond is three carbon atoms away from the "omega" end. Omega-6 implies that the double bond is six carbon atoms away from the omega end.
Alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) from plants is the most popular omega-3 fat. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fat made by animals. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) also comes from animals. You can find it in large concentrations in fish oils.
Linoleic acid is from plants and is the most common omega-6 fat consumed by people. Another omega-6 fat often talked about is gamma-linolenic acid. Gamma linolenic acid is also an omega-6 fat from plants.
Linoleic acid is common in vegetable seed oils. The primary dietary source of alpha-linolenic acid is leaves and some seeds. As little as 0.1-0.5% of the calories as linoleic acid is sufficient to correct a fatty acid deficiency. However, higher levels are better for optimal health.
You can find essential fatty acids in significant amounts in various plants:
Fatty acids in plants
Animals cannot create double bonds after the third and sixth carbon on the chain. Only plants can make this arrangement. The result is that only plants can synthesize omega-3 and omega-6 fats.
Animals that eat plants store these fats in their tissues. For example, fish get omega-3 fats made by algae, they cannot synthesize this kind of fat.
Flaxseeds are a good source of omega-3. One tablespoon of ground flax seeds is enough to meet your daily need of omega-3.
Omega-9 fatty acids are monounsaturated and have only one double bond. It is nine carbons from the omega end of the fatty acid molecule. Oleic acid is the most common omega-9 fatty acid. Omega-9 fatty acids aren't essential because the body can produce them.
A category of fat that you need to avoid is trans fats.
Why You Should Avoid Trans Fats At All Cost
Trans fats are one of the worst types of fat you can eat. Some meat and dairy products contain small amounts of trans fats. Most trans fats form through a process called hydrogenation.
It is an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oils. This process causes the oil to become solid at room temperature.
Hydrogen turns oils into a more robust product by straightening its carbon chains. These fats raise total cholesterol, LDL “bad” cholesterol, and lower “good” HDL cholesterol. The result is clogged arteries and heart attacks.
Trans-fats may raise our cancer risk by affecting our immune and hormonal systems. They are one reason we might get colon cancer. Hydrogenated oils spoil less, so foods made with it have a longer shelf life.
You can find trans fats in foods like:
- Cookies
- Crackers
- Canned biscuits
- French fries
- Fried chicken
- Frozen pizza crusts
- Margarine
- Pie crusts
- Ready-made frosting
- Potato, corn, and tortilla chips
- Doughnuts
- Cinnamon rolls
- Nondairy coffee creamer
- Vegetable oils
If a food has less than 0.5 grams of trans fat in a serving, the food label can read 0 grams trans fat. But this doesn't mean that it is free from trans fats.
Eliminate processed food and read labels to avoid trans fats. Cheap supermarket oils have trans fats produced during the refining and heating stages. Look for "hydrogenated" or "partially hydrogenated" on the ingredients list.
The next thing you need to know about to stay healthy is micronutrients.
Section 2: Micronutrients
Micronutrients are one of the major groups of nutrients your body needs. It requires smaller amounts of micronutrients relative to macronutrients. That’s why we label them “micro.”
The term micronutrients describe vitamins and minerals in general. Macronutrients, on the other hand, include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Humans must get micronutrients from food since your body cannot produce it for the most part. That’s why we see them as essential nutrients. One micronutrient you need is vitamins.
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Chapter 5: Why We Need Vitamins And Where To Find Them
Vitamins are necessary for energy production, immune function, blood clotting, and other purposes. “Vita” means life, and as the name indicates, vitamins are essential for our existence.
Fruits and vegetables are the primary sources of most vitamins. They contain almost all vitamins needed by the body except for vitamin D and b12.
Vitamin D comes from sunshine and B12 from bacteria. The elderly, alcoholics and those with chronic illnesses have most deficiencies.
Below is a list of some common vitamins and what they do. You will also learn where to get them on a plant-based diet.
B1(Thiamine)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B1 is a vital nutrient. It plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy nervous system. Vitamin B1 is one of the eight water-soluble vitamins in the B complex family. It helps in the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and also breaks down fats and proteins.
It also improves the body’s ability to withstand stress. It is often called the anti-stress vitamin.
Deficiency Problems:
- Lethargy
- Loss of memory
- Loss of appetite
- Indigestion
- Calf muscle tenderness
- Irritability
- Loss of sleep
- Weight loss
- Constipation
Recommended daily dose: 1.2 mg
Good Plant Sources With B1
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Durian | 0.9mg (76% DV) in 1 cup, chopped or diced |
Soy Milk | 0.7mg (62% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Kidney Bean Sprouts | 0.7mg (57% DV) in 1 cup |
Tamarinds | 0.5mg (43% DV) in 1 cup, pulp |
Millet Flour | 0.5mg (41% DV) in 1 cup |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 0.5mg (40% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 0.5mg (39% DV) in 1 cup |
Flax Seeds | 0.5mg (39% DV) in 1oz |
Cooked Teff | 0.5mg (38% DV) in 1 cup |
Navy Beans | 0.4mg (36% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Small White Beans | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Stir-fried Soybean Sprouts | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 100 grams |
Black Beans | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Turtle Beans | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Green Peas | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Dried Sunflower Seeds | 0.4mg (35% DV) in 1 oz |
Firm Tofu | 0.4mg (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Whole Grain Sorghum Flour | 0.4mg (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Peas | 0.4mg (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Cranberry Beans (Roman Beans) | 0.4mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Split Peas | 0.4mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 0.4mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Sesame Butter (tahini) | 0.4mg (30% DV) in 1 oz |
Data from Myfooddata
B2(Riboflavin)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B2 is also known as riboflavin. B2 in the diet turns your urine yellow. Flavin in riboflavin comes from "flavus," the Latin word for yellow. Vitamin B2 plays a key role in energy production. It may also affect the metabolism of iron.
Deficiency Problems:
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Congestive heart failure
- Cataract
- Migraine headaches
- High Homocysteine
- Parkinson's disease
- Hypertension
Recommended daily dose: 1.3 mg
Good Plant Sources With B2
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Unsweetened Soy Milk | 1mg (79% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Soy Milk | 1mg (77% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Extra Firm Fortified Tofu | 1mg (76% DV) in 1 cup |
Muscadine Grapes | 0.9mg (69% DV) in 10 grapes |
Tempeh | 0.6mg (46% DV) in 1 cup |
White Button Mushrooms (stir-fried) | 0.5mg (38% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Portobellos (exposed To Sunlight Or Uv) | 0.5mg (38% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Durian | 0.5mg (37% DV) in 1 cup, chopped or diced |
Cooked White Button Mushrooms | 0.5mg (36% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Kidney Bean Sprouts | 0.5mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Sun-dried Hot Chile Peppers | 0.4mg (34% DV) in 1 cup |
Cremini Mushrooms | 0.4mg (33% DV) in 1 cup whole |
Cooked Spinach | 0.4mg (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Beet Greens | 0.4mg (32% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Dried Ancho Peppers | 0.4mg (29% DV) in 1 pepper |
Tempeh Cooked | 0.4mg (27% DV) in 100 grams |
Spirulina | 0.3mg (26% DV) in 100 grams |
Data from Myfooddata
B3(Niacin)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B3 aids the digestive system, skin and nerve function. Another name for it is niacin. It is one of the eight B-complex water-soluble vitamins. Niacin helps the body break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
It also plays a role in gland and liver functions. Vitamin B3 is also helpful to cancer patients. Cancer patients have low levels of niacin. Niacin also lowers bad cholesterol( LDL) and triglycerides in the blood.
Deficiency Problems:
- Pellagra
- Dementia
- Indigestion
- Canker sores
- Depression
- Swollen mouth
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Memory loss
- Tremors
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Vomiting
- Skin rash
- Bright red tongue
- Apathy
- Depression
Recommended daily dose: 16 mg
Good Plant Sources With B3
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Portobellos (exposed To Sunlight Or Uv) | 7.6mg (47% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Millet Flour | 7.2mg (45% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked White Button Mushrooms | 7mg (43% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Whole Grain Sorghum Flour | 5.4mg (34% DV) in 1 cup |
Kidney Bean Sprouts | 5.4mg (34% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Long-grain Brown Rice | 5.2mg (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spelt | 5mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Fiddlehead Ferns | 5mg (31% DV) in 100 grams |
Maitake Mushrooms | 4.6mg (29% DV) in 1 cup diced |
California Avocados | 4.4mg (27% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Peanut Butter (chunk Style) | 4.4mg (27% DV) in 2 tbsp |
Tempeh | 4.4mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
White Button Mushrooms (stir-fried) | 4.3mg (27% DV) in 1 cup sliced. |
Oyster Mushrooms | 4.3mg (27% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Roasted Peanuts | 4.1mg (25% DV) in 1 oz |
Kamut Cooked | 4mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Ground cherries | 3.9mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Portabella Mushrooms | 3.9mg (24% DV) in 1 cup diced |
Raw Portabellas (Exposed to Sunlight or UV) | 3.9mg (24% DV) in 1 cup diced |
Data from Myfooddata
B5(Pantothenic Acid)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. You can find it in all living cells within the body. B5 helps the body convert nutrients from food into energy. It also balances blood sugar, reduces bad cholesterol, and lowers high blood pressure.
Another function is preventing nerve damage, pain, and heart failure. It has a role in the synthesis of fat, hormones, and carbohydrates. B5 vitamins are crucial for maintaining the health of the nervous system. It also plays a part in producing sex and stress-related hormones from the adrenal glands.
Deficiency Problems:
- Fatigue
- Irritability
- Stomach pains
- Burning feet
- muscle cramps
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Vomiting
- Upper respiratory infections
Recommended daily dose: 5 mg
Good Plant Sources With B5
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Cooked Shiitake Mushrooms | 5.2mg (104% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Cooked White Button Mushrooms | 3.4mg (67% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
California Avocados | 3.4mg (67% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Florida Avocados | 2.1mg (43% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Dry Roasted Sunflower Seeds | 2mg (40% DV) in 1 oz |
Jew's Ear | 2mg (39% DV) in 1 cup slices |
White Button Mushrooms (stir-fried) | 1.6mg (31% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Portobellos (exposed To Sunlight Or Uv) | 1.5mg (31% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Millet Flour | 1.5mg (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Hash Browns | 1.4mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Podded Peas | 1.4mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 1.3mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Cremini Mushrooms | 1.3mg (26% DV) in 1 cup whole |
Canned Mushrooms | 1.3mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 1.3mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Escarole | 1.2mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Pea Sprouts | 1.2mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Stir-fried Soybean Sprouts | 1.2mg (24% DV) in 100 grams |
Split Peas | 1.2mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Safflower Seeds | 1.1mg (23% DV) in 1 oz |
Oyster Mushrooms | 1.1mg (22% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Canned Tomato Puree | 1.1mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
B6(Pyridoxine)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B6 is also known as pyridoxine. It has a vital role in a range of physical and psychological functions. B6 supports our metabolism and liver function.
It also promotes the health of the skin and eyes. Vitamin B6 also helps the body maintain a healthy nervous system. It also produces hemoglobin that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Deficiency Problems:
- Mood swings
- Muscle pains
- Low energy or fatigue
- Worsening symptoms of anemia
- Confusion
- Mouth sores
- Worsening of PMS symptoms
Recommended daily dose: 1.7 mg
Good Plant Sources With B6
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Mamey Sapote | 1.3mg (74% DV) in 1 cup 1 Inch pieces |
Extra Firm Fortified Tofu | 1.1mg (66% DV) in 1 cup |
Mammy Apple | 0.8mg (50% DV) in 1 fruit without refuse |
Durian | 0.8mg (45% DV) in 1 cup, chopped or diced |
Hash Browns | 0.7mg (43% DV) in 1 cup |
California Avocados | 0.7mg (39% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Poi | 0.7mg (39% DV) in 1 cup |
Dried Ancho Peppers | 0.6mg (35% DV) in 1 pepper |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 0.6mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Shredded Coconut Meat (Sweetened) | 0.6mg (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Bananas | 0.6mg (32% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Jackfruit | 0.5mg (32% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Baked Potatoes (with Skin) | 0.5mg (32% DV) in 1 potato medium |
Serrano Peppers | 0.5mg (31% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Avocados | 0.5mg (30% DV) in 1 avocado |
Jute Potherb (molokhiya) (cooked) | 0.5mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Fried Yellow Plantains | 0.5mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Pistachio Nuts | 0.5mg (28% DV) in 1 oz (49 kernels) |
Baked Potato (no Skin) | 0.5mg (28% DV) in 1 potato (2-1/3 Inch x 4-3/4 Inch) |
Baked Potato (no Skin) | Baked Potato (no Skin) |
Plantains | 0.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Banana Peppers | 0.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Millet Flour | 0.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Taro | 0.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Cooked Spinach | 0.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
B12(Cobalamin)
General Purpose:
Vitamin B12 contains the mineral cobalt. There are two forms of vitamin B12. One is methylcobalamin, and another one is
5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. Vitamin B12 supports the health of nerve cells. It also helps neurons transmit messages between each other.
Vitamin B12 also helps with digestion and heart health. Bacteria synthesize B12, not plants. If you eat a vegan diet, you need to supplement with B12 or eat food fortified with it.
Deficiency Problems:
- Chronic fatigue
- Joint pain
- Feeling dizzy
- Poor memory
- Mood changes
- Poor dental health
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Muscle aches and weakness
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty concentrating
- Bleeding gums
- Mouth sores
- Poor appetite
Recommended daily dose: 2.4μg
Good Sources Of B12
Food | Amount |
---|---|
B12 Cyanocobalamin supplement | 1000 mg(41,667%) in 1 1000 mg pill |
B12 Methylcobalamin supplement | 1000 mg(41,667%) in 1 1000 mg pill |
Soy milk or other plants milk fortified with B12 | 5.4μg (225% DV) in 16oz glass |
Data from Myfooddata
Choline
General Purpose:
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient. It supports our energy, brain function, and metabolism. Choline also helps nerves to communicate and muscles to move. It also acts as an anti-aging neurotransmitter and performs other essential processes.
Deficiency Problems:
- Fatigue
- Cognitive decline
- Muscle aches
- Mood changes or disorders
- Memory loss
- Learning disabilities
- Nerve damage
Recommended daily dose: 550 mg
Good Plant Sources With Choline
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Canned Kidney Beans | 89.3mg (16% DV) in 1 cup |
Edamame | 87.3mg (16% DV) in 1 cup |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 81.7mg (15% DV) in 1 cup |
Navy Beans | 81.4mg (15% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Baked Beans | 80mg (15% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Red Kidney Beans | 78.1mg (14% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Lima Beans | 75mg (14% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Collards | 73mg (13% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Tofu Prepared With Calcium | 71.4mg (13% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 70.5mg (13% DV) in 1 cup |
Chickpeas (garbanzo Beans) (cooked) | 70.2mg (13% DV) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 64.7mg (12% DV) in 1 cup |
Split Peas | 64.3mg (12% DV) in 1 cup |
Brussels Sprouts (cooked) | 63.3mg (12% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Large White Beans | 62.8mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Lima Beans | 62.7mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Broccoli (cooked) | 62.6mg (11% DV) in 1 cup chopped |
Lima Beans | 61.1mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Pinto Beans (cooked) | 60.4mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Turtle Beans | 60.3mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Mung Beans (cooked) | 59.4mg (11% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Beans | 56.1mg (10% DV) in 1 cup |
Black-Eyed Peas (Cowpeas) | 55.1mg (10% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Folate
General Purpose:
Folate or vitamin B9 is one of many essential vitamins needed for copying and synthesizing DNA. It also helps the body produce new cells and supports nerve and immune functions. A diet high in folate-rich foods can help prevent cancer, and heart disease.
Deficiency Problems:
- Poor immune function
- Poor digestion
- Anemia
- Canker sores in the mouth
- Pale skin
- Chronic low energy
- Developmental problems
- Swollen tongue
- Changes in mood
- Premature hair graying
Recommended daily dose: 40 µg
Good Plant Sources With Folate
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Edamame | 482.1μg (121% ) in 1 cup |
Arrowroot | 405.6μg (101% ) in 1 cup, sliced |
Cranberry Beans (Roman Beans) | 366.4μg (92% ) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 358.4μg (90% ) in 1 cup |
Black-Eyed Peas (Cowpeas) | 355.7μg (89% ) in 1 cup |
Mung Beans (cooked) | 321.2μg (80% ) in 1 cup |
Pinto Beans (cooked) | 294.1μg (74% ) in 1 cup |
Chickpeas (garbanzo Beans) (cooked) | 282.1μg (71% ) in 1 cup |
Asparagus (cooked) | 268.2μg (67% ) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spinach | 262.8μg (66% ) in 1 cup |
Black Beans | 256.3μg (64% ) in 1 cup |
Navy Beans | 254.8μg (64% ) in 1 cup |
Cooked Small White Beans | 245.2μg (61% ) in 1 cup |
Mustard Spinach | 238.5μg (60% ) in 1 cup, chopped |
Canned Asparagus | 232.3μg (58% ) in 1 cup |
Kidney Beans | 230.1μg (58% ) in 1 cup |
Cooked Red Kidney Beans | 230.1μg (58% ) in 1 cup |
Cooked Blackeyed Peas | 209.6μg (52% ) in 1 cup |
California Avocados | 204.7μg (51% ) in 1 cup, pureed |
Cooked Artichokes (globe Or French) | 199.9μg (50% ) in 1 cup |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 199.8μg (50% ) in 1 cup |
Great Northern Beans | 180.5μg (45% ) in 1 cup |
Broad Beans (fava) | 176.8μg (44% ) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Vitamin A
General Purpose:
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. It acts as a powerful antioxidant in the body. Vitamin A also plays a vital role in maintaining vision and neurological function. It also creates a healthy skin.
You can find Vitamin A in two primary forms: active vitamin A (retinol) and beta-carotene. Retinol comes from animal-derived foods. Fruits and vegetables contain beta-carotene. Your body needs to convert beta-carotene to active retinol.
Deficiency Problems:
- Xerophthalmia
- Bitot’s spots
- Thick or scaly skin
- Stunted growth in children
- Night blindness
- Dry Lips
- Impaired immunity
Recommended daily dose: 900 μg
Good Plant Sources With Vitamin A
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Canned Pumpkin | 1906.1μg (212% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Carrots | 1329.1μg (148% DV) in 1 cup slices |
Cooked Butternut Squash | 1143.9μg (127% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 1109.3μg (123% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Sweet Potatoes | 1095.5μg (122% DV) in 1 medium (2 Inch Dia, 5 Inch long, raw) |
Cooked Spinach | 943.2μg (105% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Kale | 885.3μg (98% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Mustard Greens | 865.2μg (96% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Butternut Squash | 744.8μg (83% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Mustard Spinach | 742.5μg (83% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Mustard Spinach | 738μg (82% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Collards | 722μg (80% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Pumpkin | 705.6μg (78% DV) in 1 cup, mashed |
Cooked Hubbard Squash | 686.8μg (76% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Baby Carrots | 586.5μg (65% DV) in 1 NLEA serving |
Cooked Beet Greens | 551.5μg (61% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Cooked Turnip Greens | 548.6μg (61% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Swiss Chard 535.5μg | (60% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Winter Squash | 535.1μg (59% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Sun-dried Hot Chile Peppers | 489.9μg (54% DV) in 1 cup |
Vine spinach | 400μg (44% DV) in 100 grams |
Pak-choi (Bok Choy) (cooked) | 360.4μg (40% DV) in 1 cup, shredded |
Cooked Dandelion Greens | 359.1μg (40% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Data from Myfooddata
Vitamin C
General Purpose:
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin. You can find it in many types of fruits and vegetables. It acts as an antioxidant to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin C also reduces the risk of inflammation and disease.
Your body uses vitamin C to synthesize compounds like collagen. Vitamin C also improves skin health and immunity. Cancer patients often have low vitamin C levels.
Deficiency Problems:
- Slow wound healing
- Easy bruising
- Swollen gums
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Dry, scaly skin
- Dry, splitting hair
- Bleeding gums
- Fatigue
- Weakened immune system
- Swollen joints
- Gingivitis
Recommended daily dose: 90 mg
Good Plant Sources With Vitamin C
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Guavas | 376.7mg (419% DV) in 1 cup |
Sweet Yellow Peppers | 341.3mg (379% DV) in 1 large pepper |
Cooked Red Bell Peppers | 230.9mg (257% DV) in 1 cup, strips |
Dried Jujube | 217.6mg (242% DV) in 100 grams |
European Black Currants | 202.7mg (225% DV) in 1 cup |
Mustard Spinach | 195mg (217% DV) in 1 cup, chopped. |
Kiwifruit | 166.9mg (185% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Sweet Red Bell Peppers | 152mg (169% DV) in 1 medium pepper |
Litchis | 135.9mg (151% DV) in 1 cup |
Green Bell Peppers | 119.8mg (133% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Mammy Apple | 118.4mg (132% DV) in 1 fruit |
Cooked Mustard Spinach | 117mg (130% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Pummelo | 115.9mg (129% DV) in 1 cup, sections |
Lemons | 112.4mg (125% DV) in 1 cup, sections |
Hot Green Chili Peppers | 109.1mg (121% DV) in 1 pepper |
Citrus Green Tea | 104.1mg (116% DV) in 1 cup |
Banana Peppers | 102.5mg (114% DV) in 1 cup |
Vine spinach | 102mg (113% DV) in 100 grams |
Broccoli (cooked) | 101.2mg (112% DV) in 1 cup chopped |
Cooked Green Bell Peppers | 100.4mg (112% DV) in 1 cup, chopped or strips |
Strawberries | 97.6mg (108% DV) in 1 cup, sliced. |
Navel Oranges | 97.5mg (108% DV) in 1 cup sections, without membranes |
Brussels Sprouts (cooked) | 96.7mg (107% DV) in 1 cup |
Oranges | 95.8mg (106% DV) in 1 cup, sections |
Data from Myfooddata
Vitamin D
General Purpose:
Vitamin D comes from the sun. We need it to absorb calcium and create strong bones. Vitamin D also strengthens the immune system. Your skin produces Vitamin D from sun exposure. Those who have dark skin or are obese are at a higher risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Our bodies make vitamin D from UV-B sunshine rays. Few dietary products contain vitamin D. Try to get it by staying in the sun instead of using supplements.
Deficiency Problems:
- Osteoporosis
- High blood pressure
- Autoimmune diseases
- Insomnia
- Diabetes
- Multiple sclerosis
- Psoriasis
- Autism
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Depression
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Chronic pain
- Fibromyalgia
Recommended daily dose: 1000 IU
Good Vitamin D Sources
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Sunshine | 100% |
Vitamin D2 & D3 Supplements | 1000 IU (100% DV) in 1000 IU pill |
Raw Crimini Mushrooms (Exposed To Sunlight Or UV) | 27.8μg (139% DV) in 1 cup whole |
Raw Portabellas (Exposed to Sunlight or UV) | 24.4μg (122% DV) in 1 cup diced |
Maitake Mushrooms | 19.7μg (98% DV) in 1 cup diced Raw White |
Button Mushrooms (Exposed To Sunlight Or UV) | 18.3μg (92% DV) in 1 cup pieces or slices |
Portobellos (exposed To Sunlight Or Uv) | 15.9μg (79% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Soy Milk fortified with vitamin D | 5.8μg (29% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Data from Myfooddata
Vitamin E
General Purpose:
Vitamin E is best known for its antioxidant properties. It reduces free radical damage and protects the body’s cells. Many organs in the body need it to function well. Vitamin E helps maintain healthy skin and eyes. It also strengthens the body's natural defense against illness and infections.
Deficiency Problems:
- Muscle weakness
- Numbness and tingling
- Immune system problems
- Walking difficulties
- Vision deterioration
Recommended daily dose: 15 mg
Good Plant Sources With Vitamin E
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Dried Sunflower Seeds | 9.8mg (66% DV) in 1 oz |
Dry Roasted Sunflower Seeds | 7.4mg (49% DV) in 1 oz |
Unsweetened Almond Milk | 7.4mg (49% DV) in 1 cup |
Almonds | 7.3mg (49% DV) in 1 oz (23 whole kernels) |
Dry Roasted Almonds | 6.8mg (45% DV) in 1 oz (22 whole kernels) |
Florida Avocados | 6.1mg (41% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Poi | 5.5mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Tomato Puree | 4.9mg (33% DV) in 1 cup |
Fortified Silken Tofu | 4.8mg (32% DV) in 1/5 package |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 4.5mg (30% DV) in 1 oz |
California Avocados | 4.5mg (30% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Dry Roasted Hazelnuts | 4.3mg (29% DV) in 1 oz |
Hazelnuts | 4.3mg (28% DV) in 1 oz (21 whole kernels) |
Avocados | 4.2mg (28% DV) in 1 avocado, Florida or California |
Almond Butter | 3.9mg (26% DV) in 1 tbsp cooked |
Taro | 3.9mg (26% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Almond Paste | 3.8mg (26% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Spinach | 3.7mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Mamey Sapote | 3.7mg (25% DV) in 1 cup 1 Inch pieces |
Cooked Swiss Chard | 3.3mg (22% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Canned Asparagus | 3mg (20% DV) in 1 cup |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 2.8mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Turnip Greens | 2.7mg (18% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Asparagus (cooked) | 2.7mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Butternut Squash | 2.6mg (18% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Kiwifruit | 2.6mg (18% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Cooked Beet Greens | 2.6mg (17% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Canned Pumpkin | 2.6mg (17% DV) in 1 cup |
Broccoli (cooked) | 2.3mg (15% DV) in 1 cup chopped |
Cooked Red Bell Peppers | 2.2mg (15% DV) in 1 cup, strips |
Data from Myfooddata
Vitamin K
General Purpose:
Vitamin K is an essential fat-soluble vitamin. It is vital for our bone and heart health. Vitamin K also helps our brain function, metabolism and protects against cancer.
There are two forms of vitamin K: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Another name for vitamin K1 is phytonadione. K2 is also known as menaquinone.
You can find vitamin K1 in vegetables. K2 comes from fermented dairy products and bacteria in our guts.
Deficiency Problems:
- Heart disease
- Tooth decay
- Easy bruising
- GI tract bleeding
- Blood in the urine or stool
- Weakened bones
- Cancer
- Heavy menstrual periods
Recommended daily dose: 120μg
Good Plant Sources With Vitamin K
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Cooked Kale | 1062.1μg (885% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Parsley | 984μg (820% DV) in 1 cup chopped |
Cooked Spinach | 888.5μg (740% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Mustard Greens | 829.8μg (691% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Collards | 772.5μg (644% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Beet Greens | 697μg (581% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Cooked Dandelion Greens | 579μg (482% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Swiss Chard | 572.8μg (477% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Turnip Greens | 529.3μg (441% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked New Zealand Spinach | 525.6μg (438% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Garden Cress | 517.6μg (431% DV) in 1 cup |
Dandelion Greens | 428.1μg (357% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Escarole | 317.9μg (265% DV) in 1 cup |
Swiss Chard | 298.8μg (249% DV) in 1 cup |
Garden Cress | 271μg (226% DV) in 1 cup |
Broccoli (cooked) | 220.1μg (183% DV) in 1 cup chopped |
Brussels Sprouts (cooked) | 218.9μg (182% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Broccoli Raab | 217.6μg (181% DV) in 1 NLEA serving |
New Zealand Spinach | 188.7μg (157% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Cabbage | 163.1μg (136% DV) in 1 cup |
Collards | 157.4μg (131% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Brussels Sprouts (raw) | 155.8μg (130% DV) in 1 cup |
Beet Greens (raw) | 152μg (127% DV) in 1 cup |
Spinach | 144.9μg (121% DV) in 1 cup |
Mustard Greens | 144.2μg (120% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Data from Myfooddata
The next thing you need from your diet is minerals.
6
Chapter 6: Why We Need Minerals And Where To Find Them
Minerals are micronutrients that come from inorganic matter like the soil. We need them to maintain good health.
Minerals take part in thousands of metabolic reactions in the body. They support our growth, bone health, fluid balance, and other processes. Plants are the most direct source of minerals. They absorb minerals from the soil.
Here is a list of common minerals and where to find them:
Calcium
General Purpose:
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. About 99% of our calcium exists inside our skeleton and teeth. One primary function of calcium is to create strong bones.
Your body uses calcium to balance its pH level when you overconsume animal products. It uses calcium from your bones and teeth to neutralize the acids. The result is a massive increase in calcium loss into the urine.
Countries that drink a lot of milk have higher rates of osteoporosis.
Plant foods contain generous amounts of calcium. You don't need to get it from dairy. Too much animal protein robs the body of calcium and weakens its bones. A diet based on starches with added fruits and vegetables preserve skeletal strength.
Calcium also controls our magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium levels in the blood. Remember that you also need to get enough Vitamin D to absorb calcium!
Deficiency Problems:
- Osteoporosis
- Tooth decay
- Weakness
- Muscle spasms
- Delays in children’s development
- Heart rhythm problems
- Blood clotting
- Cancer
- Fatigue
- Irritability
- Blood pressure problems
Recommended daily dose: *1300mg
Good Plant Sources With Calcium
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Firm Tofu | 1721.2mg (132% DV) in 1 cup |
Tofu Prepared With Calcium | 868mg (67% DV) in 1 cup |
Soy Milk | 602.6mg (46% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Unsweetened Soy Milk | 597.8mg (46% DV) in a 16oz glass |
Extra Firm Fortified Tofu | 556mg (43% DV) in 1 cup |
Unsweetened Almond Milk | 516.1mg (40% DV) in 1 cup |
Fortified Silken Tofu | 358.5mg (28% DV) in 1/5 package |
Mustard Spinach | 315mg (24% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Silk (soymilk) | 298.9mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Mustard Spinach | 284.4mg (22% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Unsweetened Rice Milk | 283.2mg (22% DV) in 8 fl oz |
Sesame Seeds (toasted) | 280.9mg (22% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Collards | 267.9mg (21% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 261mg (20% DV) in 1 cup |
Tofu Extra Firm Prepared With Nigari | 256.6mg (20% DV) in 1/5 block |
Firm Tofu (With Calcium and Magnesium) | 253.3mg (19% DV) in 1/2 cup |
Cooked Spinach | 244.8mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Nopales | 244.4mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Blackeyed Peas | 211.2mg (16% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
*The recommended daily dose is an inflated number. The dairy industry influenced the government to set the RDA to 1300 mg. If you eat a plant-based diet, you only need 500 mg of calcium per day to maintain strong bones.
Most western countries have a calcium intake of 800-1000 mg/day. Developing countries consume 300-500 mg of calcium per day from plants. There is no evidence that people with such a low intake have any problems with bones or teeth.
Copper
General Purpose:
Copper is an essential mineral that benefits our bones and nerve health. It is also part of the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Copper also plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy metabolism. You also need it to carry out many enzyme reactions and preserve the health of connective tissues.
Deficiency Problems:
- Fatigue
- Osteoporosis
- Low body temperature
- Brittle bones
- Joint pain
- Hair thinning or balding
- Bruising Skin
- Arthritis
- Paleness
- Anemia
- Muscle soreness
- A stunt in growth
- Unexplained weight loss
Recommended daily dose: 0.9mg
Good Plant Sources With Copper
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Rowal | 2.4mg (269% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Shiitake Mushrooms | 1.3mg (144% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Firm Tofu | 1mg (106% DV) in 1 cup |
Tempeh | 0.9mg (103% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked White Button Mushrooms | 0.8mg (87% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Mammy Apple | 0.7mg (81% DV) in 1 fruit |
Canned Tomato Puree | 0.7mg (80% DV) in 1 cup |
Florida Avocados | 0.7mg (79% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 0.7mg (79% DV) in 1 cup |
Sesame Seeds (toasted) | 0.7mg (78% DV) in 1 oz |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 0.7mg (78% DV) in 1 cup |
Adzuki Beans | 0.7mg (76% DV) in 1 cup |
Millet Flour | 0.6mg (71% DV) in 1 cup |
Dry-roasted Cashews | 0.6mg (70% DV) in 1 oz |
Cashews (raw) | 0.6mg (69% DV) in 1 oz |
Spirulina | 0.6mg (66% DV) in 100 grams |
Natto | 0.6mg (65% DV) in 1/2 cup |
Chickpeas (cooked) | 0.6mg (64% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Teff | 0.6mg (63% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 0.5mg (61% DV) in 1 cup |
Tempeh Cooked | 0.5mg (60% DV) in 100 grams |
Edamame | 0.5mg (59% DV) in 1 cup |
Stir-fried Soybean Sprouts | 0.5mg (59% DV) in 100 grams |
Data from Myfooddata
Iron
General Purpose:
Iron helps to produce hemoglobin found in red blood cells. It is also a nutrient needed to maintain general well-being and energy levels. Iron plays a part in many enzyme reactions that help our bodies to digest food and absorb nutrients. It also supports your brain, heart, skin, hair, and nails.
Deficiency Problems:
- Anemia
- Pale or yellowing of the skin
- Trouble exercising
- Changes in appetite
- Changes in weight
- Trouble concentrating
- Chronic fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Abnormal heartbeats
- Muscle weakness
- Trouble sleeping
- Coughs
- Sores on mouth or tongue
Recommended daily dose: 18mg
Good Plant Sources With Iron
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Tofu Prepared With Calcium | 13.3mg (74% DV) in 1 cup |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 8.8mg (49% DV) in 1 cup |
Morel Mushrooms | 8mg (45% DV) in 1 cup |
Natto | 7.6mg (42% DV) in 1/2 cup |
Coconut Milk | 7.5mg (41% DV) in 1 cup |
Firm Tofu | 6.7mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Large White Beans | 6.6mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 6.6mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spinach | 6.4mg (36% DV) in 1 cup |
Mammy Apple | 5.9mg (33% DV) in 1 fruit |
Citronella (lemon Grass) | 5.5mg (30% DV) in 1 cup |
California Red Kidney Beans | 5.3mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Turtle Beans | 5.3mg (29% DV) in 1 cup cooked |
Red Kidney Beans | 5.2mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Amaranth | 5.2mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Teff | 5.2mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Jerusalem-artichokes Raw | 5.1mg (28% DV) in 1 cup slices |
Dried Jujube | 5.1mg (28% DV) in 100 grams |
Cooked Small White Beans | 5.1mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Rowal | 5mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 4.8mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Chickpeas (cooked) | 4.7mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Millet Flour | 4.7mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Adzuki Beans | 4.6mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Palm Hearts (canned) | 4.6mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Magnesium
General Purpose:
Magnesium is an element and mineral found throughout nature. It is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. Your bones, muscles, and soft tissues store about 99% of your body’s total magnesium.
When you’re under a lot of emotional stress, your body will use more magnesium. Magnesium is one of the most vital minerals you need to maintain optimal health. It is also part of more than 300 reactions in the body.
Deficiency Problems:
- Leg Cramps
- Fibromyalgia
- High Blood Pressure
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Type II Diabetes
- Migraines
- Osteoporosis
Recommended daily dose: 420mg
Good Plant Sources With Magnesium
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Hemp Seeds | 198.8mg (47% DV) in 1oz |
Dried Pumpkin/Squash Seeds | 168.1mg (40% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Amaranth | 159.9mg (38% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spinach | 156.6mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Swiss Chard | 150.5mg (36% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Whole Grain Sorghum Flour | 148.8mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 147.9mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Watermelon Seed Kernels Dried | 146.3mg (35% DV) in 1 oz |
Firm Tofu | 146.2mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Mammy Apple | 135.4mg (32% DV) in 1 fruit |
Tempeh | 134.5mg (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Teff | 126mg (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Lima Beans | 125.8mg (30% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 123.1mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Small White Beans | 121.7mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Beans | 120.4mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Adzuki Beans | 119.6mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Quinoa Cooked | 118.4mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Mungo Beans (cooked) | 5.1mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Large White Beans | 112.8mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Flax Seeds | 111.3mg (27% DV) in 1oz |
Tamarinds | 110.4mg (26% DV) in 1 cup, pulp |
Data from Myfooddata
Manganese
General Purpose:
Manganese is an essential nutrient that’s often tied to iron and other minerals. It plays a role in the synthesis of nutrients like cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins. Manganese is also part of the production of digestive enzymes, bone development, and the immune system.
Deficiency Problems:
- Osteoporosis
- Chronic fatigue
- Getting sick often
- Hormonal imbalances
- Impaired glucose sensitivity
- Infertility
- Anemia
- Low immunity
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Changes in digestion and appetite
Recommended daily dose: 2.3mg
Good Plant Sources With Manganese
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Dried Jujube 100 grams | 31.1mg (1351% DV) in |
Cooked Teff | 7.2mg (313% DV) in 1 cup |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 5.7mg (246% DV) in 1 oz |
Wild Blueberries (frozen) | 4mg (175% DV) in 1 cup, frozen |
Citronella (lemon Grass) | 3.5mg (152% DV) in 1 cup |
Firm Tofu | 3mg (129% DV) in 1 cup |
Dried Sweetened Mango | 2.8mg (123% DV) in 1 oz |
Mashed Sweet Potatoes | 2.5mg (110% DV) in 1 cup |
Pine Nuts (dried) | 2.5mg (109% DV) in 1 oz (167 kernels) |
Shredded Coconut Meat | 2.3mg (100% DV) in 1 cup, shredded |
Hemp Seeds | 2.2mg (94% DV) in 1oz |
Tempeh | 2.2mg (94% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Brown Rice | 2.1mg (93% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Lima Beans | 2.1mg (93% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spelt | 2.1mg (92% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Oat Bran | 2.1mg (92% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Amaranth | 2.1mg (91% DV) in 1 cup |
Palm Hearts (canned) | 2mg (88% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Long-grain Brown Rice | 2mg (86% DV) in 1 cup |
Butternuts (dried) | 1.9mg (81% DV) in 1 oz |
Loganberries (frozen) | 1.8mg (80% DV) in 1 cup, unthawed |
Kamut Cooked | 1.8mg (77% DV) in 1 cup |
Hazelnuts | 1.8mg (76% DV) in 1 oz (21 whole kernels) |
Canned Lima Beans | 1.7mg (75% DV) in 1 cup |
Coconut Milk | 1.7mg (75% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Phosphorous
General Purpose:
Phosphorus is an essential mineral involved in hundreds of cellular activities. It helps skeletal and organ health. Other key functions include balancing hormones and absorbing nutrients from the food. Phosphorus is the second most abundant element in the human body. We also need it to boost our energy levels.
Deficiency Problems:
- Osteoporosis
- Joint and muscle aches
- Tooth decay
- Anxiety
- Stunted growth
- Changes in appetite
- Trouble exercising
- Numbness and tingling
- Weight problems
Recommended daily dose: 1250mg
Good Plant Sources With Phosphorous
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Firm Tofu | 478.8mg (38% DV) in 1 cup |
Hemp Seeds | 468.6mg (37% DV) in 1oz |
Tempeh | 441.6mg (35% DV) in 1 cup |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 421.4mg (34% DV) in 1 cup |
Adzuki Beans | 386.4mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Amaranth | 364.1mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 356.4mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 351.1mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Dried Pumpkin/ Squash Seeds | 350.2mg (28% DV) in 1 oz |
Millet Flour | 339.2mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Whole Grain Sorghum Flour | 336.4mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Dry Roasted Sunflower Seeds | 328mg (26% DV) in 1 oz |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 325.5mg (26% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Small White Beans | 302.5mg (24% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Teff | 302.4mg (24% DV) in 1 cup |
Great Northern Beans | 292.1mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Extra Firm Fortified Tofu | 291.5mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spelt | 291mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 284.4mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Black Turtle Beans | 281.2mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Quinoa Cooked | 281.2mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Mungo Beans (cooked) | 280.8mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Potassium
General Purpose:
Potassium is a vital electrolyte. It's part of many cellular functions, including regulating heartbeat rhythms and nerve impulses. Potassium allows muscles to contract and prevents muscle aches. It also supports digestive health and boosts your energy levels.
Deficiency Problems:
- Increased blood pressure
- Higher risk of kidney stones
- Poor concentration and memory
- Reduced bone formation
- Joint pain
- Greater risk for heart disease
- Fatigue
- Trouble sleeping
- Higher risk for diabetes and insulin resistance
- Muscle weakness and spasms
Recommended daily dose: 4700mg
Good Plant Sources With Potassium
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Cooked Beet Greens 1309mg | 1309mg (28% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Adzuki Beans | 1223.6mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
California Avocados | 1166.1mg (25% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Canned Tomato Puree | 1097.5mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Breadfruit | 1078mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Durian | 1059.5mg (23% DV) in 1 cup, chopped or diced |
Cooked Large White Beans | 1004.2mg (21% DV) in 1 cup |
Avocados | 974.9mg (21% DV) in 1 avocado, Florida or California |
Cooked Green Soybeans | 970.2mg (21% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Lima Beans | 969mg (21% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Swiss Chard | 960.8mg (20% DV) in 1 cup, chopped |
Lima Beans | 955mg (20% DV) in 1 cup |
Baked Red Potatoes | 942.9mg (20% DV) in 1 medium potato |
Baked Potatoes (with Skin) | 925.6mg (20% DV) in 1 potato medium |
Cooked Yam | 911.2mg (19% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Hash Browns | 898.6mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Baked Acorn Squash | 895.9mg (19% DV) in 1 cup, cubes |
Boiled Soybeans (edamame) | 885.8mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Fried Yellow Plantains | 856.8mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Spinach | 838.8mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Refried Beans | 832.5mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Small White Beans | 828.8mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Passion Fruit (granadilla) | 821.3mg (17% DV) in 1 cup |
Florida Avocados | 807.3mg (17% DV) in 1 cup, pureed |
Yautia | 807.3mg (17% DV) in 1 cup, sliced |
Data from Myfooddata
Selenium
General Purpose:
Selenium is a trace mineral found in the soil. It increases immunity and antioxidant activity. Selenium also plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy metabolism. Consuming plenty of selenium has positive antiviral effects. It also reduces the risk of cancer and thyroid diseases.
Deficiency Problems:
- Infertility in men and women
- Muscle weakness
- Mental fog
- Weakened immune system
- Fatigue
- Hair loss
Recommended daily dose: 55μg
Good Plant Sources With Selenium
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Brazil nuts | 544.4μg (990% DV) in 1 oz (6 kernels) |
Kamut Cooked | 54.9μg (100% DV) in 1 cup |
Firm Tofu | 43.8μg (80% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Couscous | 43.2μg (78% DV) in 1 cup, cooked |
Whole Wheat Pasta | 42.5μg (77% DV) in 1 cup spaghetti not packed |
Millet Flour | 38.9μg (71% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Shiitake Mushrooms | 36μg (65% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Cooked Pasta (unenriched) | 32.7μg (60% DV) in 1 cup spaghetti not packed |
Canned Straw Mushrooms | 27.7μg (50% DV) in 1 cup |
Portobellos (exposed To Sunlight Or Uv) | 26.5μg (48% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Cremini Mushrooms | 22.6μg (41% DV) in 1 cup whole |
Raw Crimini Mushrooms (Exposed To Sunlight Or UV) | 22.6μg (41% DV) in 1 cup whole |
Dry Roasted Sunflower Seeds | 22.5μg (41% DV) in 1 oz |
Tofu Prepared With Calcium | 22.1μg (40% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked White Button Mushrooms | 18.6μg (34% DV) in 1 cup pieces |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 18.5μg (34% DV) in 1 oz |
Cooked Oat Bran | 16.9μg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Portabella Mushrooms | 16μg (29% DV) in 1 cup diced |
Chia Seeds | 15.7μg (29% DV) in 1 oz |
Shredded Coconut Meat | 15.5μg (28% DV) in 1 cup, shredded |
Canned Navy Beans | 15.2μg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
White Button Mushrooms (stir-fried) | 15μg (27% DV) in 1 cup sliced |
Dried Sunflower Seeds | 14.8μg (27% DV) in 1 oz |
Data from Myfooddata
Sodium
General Purpose:
Sodium is often known as salt. You can find it in almost everything you eat and drink. Salt is a natural flavoring used for thousands of years. Sodium balances fluids and benefits the brain, muscles, and the nervous system. It also helps nutrient absorption.
Salt can either be unrefined or refined. Table salt often comes from underground salt deposits. It’s heavily processed to eliminate healthy minerals.
Sea salt can be either unrefined or refined. Try to use the unprocessed version. Himalaya salt is also a good salt.
Even though salt has some health benefits, you don’t want to overdo it. Too much sodium may increase your risk of high blood pressure.
The recommended sodium level per day is between 1500-2300 mg(0.64-1 tsp). Due to the increased sodium loss through sweat, these guidelines may not apply to active people.
Today, Americans consume much more sodium than health authorities recommend. They eat an average of about 3,400 mg of sodium per day. Processed foods account for an estimated 75% of the total sodium consumed. A significant source of sodium in most diets comes from sodium chloride.
If you’re sensitive to salt, limit its use. As you remove animal products from your diet, your taste buds become more sensitive. Use salt sparingly and only sprinkle a little bit to make the food enjoyable. Avoid eating foods with too much-added salt.
Deficiency Problems:
- Muscle cramps or twitching
- Tiredness
- Headaches
- Problems walking
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling or fluid buildup in the body
Recommended daily dose: 1500-2300mg
Good Plant Sources With Sodium
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Sea/Himalaya Salt | 2325.5mg (97% DV) in 1 Tsp |
Sour Pickled Cucumber | 1872.4mg (78% DV) in 1 cup |
Dry Roasted Sunflower Seeds (With Salt) | 1706.3mg (71% DV) in 1 oz |
Canned Refried Beans | 1040.6mg (43% DV) in 1 cup |
Tamari | 1005.5mg (42% DV) in 1 tbsp |
Sauerkraut | 938.6mg (39% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Navy Beans | 880.3mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Soy Sauce | 878.9mg (37% DV) in 1 tbsp |
Canned Baked Beans | 871.2mg (36% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Mature (White) Lima Beans | 809.8mg (34% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Kidney Beans | 757.8mg (32% DV) in 1 cup |
Kimchi | 747mg (31% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Straw Mushrooms | 698.9mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Asparagus | 694.5mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Mushrooms | 663mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Red Kidney Beans | 655.4mg (27% DV) in 1 cup |
Miso | 633.8mg (26% DV) in 1 tbsp |
Palm Hearts (canned) | 622mg (26% DV) in 1 cup |
Canned Hominy | 569.3mg (24% DV) in 1 cup |
Green Chili Peppers | 551.8mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Hash Browns | 533.5mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Stewed Tomatoes | 459.6mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Beet Greens | 347mg (14% DV) in 1 cup (1 Inch pieces) |
Pickled Beets | 338.2mg (14% DV) in 1 cup slices |
Stinky Tofu | 316mg (13% DV) in 1 block |
Data from Myfooddata
Zinc
General Purpose:
Zinc is a type of metal and an essential trace element. Your body needs it in small amounts to maintain its health and perform various functions each day. Zinc helps with hormone production, growth, and repairment. It improves immunity and aids your digestion. Another role of zinc includes its ability to act as an anti-inflammatory agent. Your body also needs it during cell division.
Deficiency Problems:
- Changes in appetite
- Weight problems
- Hair loss
- Chronic fatigue
- Hormonal problems
- Poor concentration and memory
- Nerve dysfunction
- Changes in ability to taste and smell
- Digestive problems
- Infertility
- Low immunity
- Slowed ability to heal wounds
Recommended daily dose: 11mg
Good Plant Sources With Zinc
Food | Amount |
---|---|
Canned Baked Beans | 5.8mg (53% DV) in 1 cup |
Toasted Wheat Germ | 4.7mg (43% DV) in 1 oz |
Adzuki Beans | 4.1mg (37% DV) in 1 cup |
Firm Tofu | 4mg (36% DV) in 1 cup |
Kamut Cooked | 3.2mg (29% DV) in 1 cup |
Millet Flour | 3.1mg (28% DV) in 1 cup |
Watermelon Seeds Dried | 2.9mg (26% DV) in 1 oz |
Hemp Seeds | 2.8mg (26% DV) in 1oz |
Cooked Teff | 2.8mg (25% DV) in 1 cup |
Natto | 2.7mg (24% DV) in 1/2 cup |
Lentils (cooked) | 2.5mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Chickpeas (cooked) | 2.5mg (23% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Large White Beans | 2.5mg (22% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Oatmeal | 2.3mg (21% DV) in 1 cup |
Dried Pumpkin/Squash Seeds | 2.2mg (20% DV) in 1 oz |
Black-Eyed Peas (Cowpeas) | 2.2mg (20% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Wild Rice | 2.2mg (20% DV) in 1 cup |
Edamame | 2.1mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Cooked Amaranth | 2.1mg (19% DV) in 1 cup |
Stir-fried Soybean Sprouts | 2.1mg (19% DV) in 100 grams |
Sesame Seeds (toasted) | 2mg (18% DV) in 1 oz |
Cranberry Beans (Roman Beans) | 2mg (18% DV) in 1 cup |
Data from Myfooddata
Section 3: Getting Enough Calories On A Plant-based Diet, Measuring Nutrients, Supplements
Until now you learned about macronutrients, minerals, and vitamins that we need and where to find them. So how do you know if you get enough nutrients from your diet? In this section, you will find out how many calories you should eat on a plant-based diet to succeed.
Later on, you will discover if you should take supplements to reach your daily targets. You will also learn how to measure your nutrition intake with Cronometer.com. So let's start by talking about how many calories you need to eat each day.
7
Chapter 7: What Is A Calorie?
Calories in food provide energy to our bodies. You need this energy in everything you do and to stay healthy.
A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 ℃.
Kilocalories (kcal) is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 ℃.
Joule is another unit of measurement used to quantify energy. One small calorie is equal to under 4.2 joules. One kilocalorie (kcal) is about 4.2 kilojoules.
Healthy food provides calories and vital nutrients. But not all calories are healthy. Vegetable oils and white sugar are empty "calories." That means that they contain calories but have no other nutritional value.
For our food to be healthy, it needs to contain both calories and nutrients. It is also vital that you get them from your body's preferred food source, plants.
You should not consume lots of fats because they have more calories than carbs. The body stores excess calories as body fat.
It needs some stored fat to stay healthy. But too much fat can cause health problems. Your body will put on more fat if you eat animal products, vegetable oils, and nuts.
So how do you make sure that you don't eat too much or too few calories? The first step is to calculate your daily caloric need.
You can estimate your caloric needs using simple formulas or online calculators. Continue to the next section to learn how to do that.
How Many Calories Do You Need Each Day?
Calories are like the gas that you give your car. If you’re going to drive from point A to B you need to fill your car with a certain amount of gas to reach your destination. Your vehicle will stop in the middle of the road if you fail to do so.
Every car uses various amounts of fuel to reach its destination. If you go faster, the fuel consumption will go up. It's the same with your body. You can calculate your caloric need each day by using the BMR formula.
BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate. It represents the number of calories you would burn in a day if you were inactive. You can also use this number to calculate your caloric intake based on your activity level.
Basal Metabolic Rate calculations do not take into account for lean body mass. Muscular people will receive a figure that might under-estimate their calorie needs. Overweight people can get a number that over-estimates their calorie requirements.
There are two methods you can use to know your BMR: Mifflin - St Jeor method and the Harris-Benedict formula. Mifflin - St Jeor is the most updated one.
Men and women have different formulas for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). This is because men have a higher percentage of lean body weight than women.
The BMR calculations below use the Mifflin - St Jeor formula established in 1990. This method supersedes the 1919 Harris-Benedict formula.
Calculate your BMR by using one of these methods:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
BMR for men
BMR (metric) = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5
BMR (imperial) = (4.536 × weight in pounds) + (15.88 × height in inches) - (5 × age) + 5
BMR for women
BMR for women BMR (metric) = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161
BMR (imperial) = (4.536 × weight in pounds) + (15.88 × height in inches) - (5 × age) - 161
Example: David is a 50-year-old male that is 6.1 ft tall and weighs 187 pounds.
6.1 ft = 73 inches
Will will use the imperial formula for men.
BMR (imperial) = (4.536 × 187) + (15.88 × 73) - (5 × 50) + 5 = 1762
David's BMR is 1762, which is calories he needs to maintain the body while sedentary.
Most of us don't stay in bed all day; therefore we need to calculate our caloric intake based on our activity level. So let's learn how to calculate our daily calorie requirement.
How To Calculate Your Daily Calorie Requirement:
Your activity level setting is an estimate of the calories you burn during the day. It includes activities of daily living and exercise.
Once you've worked out your BMR, you can calculate your daily calorie need. Multiply your BMR by one of the following activity levels:
Daily Calorie Requirement:
1. If you are sedentary (little or no exercise)
Calories Per Day = BMR x 1.2
2. If you are lightly active (light exercise or sports 1-3 days/week)
Calories Per Day = BMR x 1.375
3. If you are moderately active (moderate exercise 3-5 days/week)
Calories Per Day = BMR x 1.55
4. If you are active (hard exercise 6-7 days/week)
Calories Per Day = BMR x 1.725
5.
If you are super active (intense exercise and a physical job)
Calories Per Day = BMR x 1.9
Example: David works out two times each week.
Calories per day= 1762x1.375= 2423
David needs 2423 calories per day at his activity level.
How To Eat Enough Calories On a Plant-Based Diet
One of the mistakes new vegans make is to eat too little calories. Plants contain fewer calories than animal products. That is why you need to eat a lot more food on a plant-based diet. If you fail to eat enough calories, you will become weak and tired.
If you are only eating vegetables, you will have a hard time reaching your caloric intake for the day. You will get hungry and crave food through the day. Fats contain lots of calories, but they won't sustain you either. Too much fat in your diet is not as healthy as I mentioned earlier.
The table below shows you the caloric content of various foods. As you can see, animal products hold more calories than vegetables.
So how do you eat enough calories if you don't consume lots of fats? The easiest and cheapest way to meet your caloric intake is to center your diet around starches. Starchy vegetables contain quite a lot of calories and fiber.
Eat lots of rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, and oats. Add 600 to 900 calories of your choice of grains, legumes, or starchy vegetables to your meals. Divide the starch throughout the day.
You should eat around:
Eat until you're full. Don’t force yourself to eat a set of calories per day if you feel great on less. Your body knows when it had enough calories per day.
You don’t need to calorie restrict on a low-fat plant-based diet. Just remember to eat beans, fruits, vegetables, and grains. Center your intake around starch, avoid oils and only eat limited amounts of nuts and avocado.
- Carbohydrates: 4 calories per gram
- Protein: 4 calories per gram
- Fat: 9 calories per gram
Your body will maintain its perfect weight when you eat a diet designed for it. Eat enough food and don’t feel the need to starve yourself. Most people who want to lose weight try to restrict their calories. But the downside of this method is that you will feel weak and suffer.
If you still eat animal products and junk food you will have a hard time losing weight. The reason for this is that your body will store excessive fat and poisons from animal products. When you eat a whole food plant-based diet, your body can utilize the food without a problem.
So now you should know how much calories to eat per day. In the next chapter, I will explain how to measure your caloric intake using the website www.cronometer.com.
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Chapter 8: How To Measure Your Nutrient Intake With Cronometer
One great way to monitor how much nutrients you get each day is by using the website Cronometer.com. This site has an enormous nutritional database.
On this website, you can get reports on your macronutrient breakdown of your diet. You can also see how much minerals and vitamins you get each day.
To use this service you first need to register on their website. Add your email address and password of your liking.
Next, add info about your body type. Fill in your sex, birth date, height, and weight. The website will then calculate the caloric intake that you need each day.
Cronometer has five main screens or tabs:
1. Diary
The diary screen is where you log the daily foods you wish to track. A summary of your daily nutrition is at the bottom.
You can see at a glance how well you are hitting each of your nutritional targets. By selecting individual items, you can also see how each piece contributes to your goals.
By default, Cronometer sets each nutrient to recommended values set by the DRI nutrition standards. The basic idea for these targets is that you need to get at least 100% of the minimum amount each day.
You can tap or mouse over each segment for more details. This feature is useful to analyze specific foods or meals and how they contribute to your nutrition.
The calories summary section shows your calories consumed and burned. Calories burned shows calories used based on your activity level. You can see your macro-nutrient targets in the Macronutrient Targets.
Click on calcium and change the minimum daily value to 500 mg. If you eat a plant-based diet, you don't need more than 500 mg of calcium per day.
At the top of the page, there are several buttons you can press. Here is a brief look at what they do:
Add food
With this button, you can select the food that you eat each day.
Click on the "Add Food" button. Start typing in a food item you want to add.
For example, type 'potato.' You can enter keyword fragments separated by spaces to narrow your search. For example, typing 'potatoes ba' will find results such as 'Potatoes Baked.' Select the appropriate food item from the food list.
On the bottom of the "Add Foods To Diary" window, select the quantity and serving size.
Click "Add Serving."
Add exercise
This button lets you add info about your activity level.
Click on the "Add Exercise" button.
Enter your exercise or activity in the "Activity Search" text field.
Select the intensity of the activity from the "Description" menu. You can also link your step counter or other devices to Cronometer.
Add biometric
Use this button to add more biometric info such as your cholesterol levels and more.
Click on the "Add Biometric" button and choose what to add in the sub-menu.
Add note
With this button, you can add your notes for the day.
Click on "Add Note button" to write a note.
2. Trends
The Trends screen displays graphs and statistics on all your data. You won't see much here until you've logged your data for several days.
3. Foods
The Foods screen lets you browse all of the foods and recipes in their database. You can also create custom foods and recipes here.
4. Profile
The Profile screen shows your account information and preferences. In this section, you can edit your nutritional targets and weight goal. It also allows you to manage your data.
Dynamic Macronutrient Ratio Targets
Some diets recommend specific target ratios for macronutrients. In the Dynamic macronutrients target, change the numbers to 10 80 10.
That is 10% from protein, 80% carbs, and 10% from fats. This setting is the macronutrient uptake on a whole food low-fat plant-based diet. Don't worry if your fat intake is less than 10%.
You can also change your activity level. The more active you are, the more calories you need to consume.
You can choose to track carbohydrates as total carbs or net carbs. By default, Cronometer uses net carbs which is total carbs with fiber subtracted.
5. Help
In this tab, you can find the user manual and other resources.
In the next chapter, you will learn whether you should use supplements or not.
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Chapter 9: Should You Use Supplements?
Many sites and health experts recommend that you take lots of supplements. They believe in supplements, even though there is little scientific evidence. Manufacturers do not have to prove the safety and effectiveness of their products.
You should always try to get all your vitamins and minerals from whole foods. So what do I mean by whole foods? It’s food as close as God or nature made it. Our plants contain all the nutrients we need to stay healthy.
We often hear that our soil does not contain enough nutrients. But the only people that repeat that lie work for the supplement industry. I measure what I eat every day, and I have never gotten too little nutrients.
The food we eat affects our bodies differently than supplements. A nourishing diet consists of many different nutrients that interact with each other.
A supplement often uses only one element in isolation. Separating nutrients from food makes the body confused. Too much of any nutrient is a problem.
When nutrients enter the cells, they float around in the cell’s fluids. They then attach themselves to a specific receptor, as a key fits into a lock.
When we take a supplement, we flood cells with one kind of nutrient. The body receptor sites then get overwhelmed by the competition of the nutrient.
A pill is not a plant. Tablets cannot correct health problems if you don't change your diet and other things first. We need to get vitamins from our food to remain healthy and prevent serious illnesses.
Plants synthesize most known vitamins, except for vitamin D and B12. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, but a hormone manufactured by the body.
We get it from sunlight. You should avoid taking vitamin D supplements if you can get it from the sun. Go on a vacation to a warm place instead.
Your body can store vitamin D from sun exposure for months. Only take supplements if you live in a place where you can't get sunshine during the whole winter.
Bacteria produce vitamin B12, not plants or animals. You need to take a B12 supplement if you live on a strictly plant-based diet. Or you can eat foods fortified with B12.
How To Replace Supplements With Whole Foods
Get your vitamins by eating a whole food plant-based diet, as a supplement will never compare to real food. Starches, vegetables, and fruits are the best way to deliver these nutrients to the body.
Save your money by eating whole foods instead of using pills. Try to focus your diet on vegetables, fruits, beans, and grains. Center your menu around starchy vegetables like rice, corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes.
You need to eat them to get enough calories on a plant-based diet. Then add other vegetables to get more nutrients.
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Chapter 10: Summary
- Macronutrients are broader groups of nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, water, and fats. We need to eat them in bulk.
- Water plays an essential role in our digestion, waste removal, and temperature regulation. Although it yields no energy, it is necessary for life.
- Proteins are structural materials that maintain cell shapes and enzymes. They also help cells signal between each other.
- Our GI tracts limit the amount of protein we can digest. Overconsumption of protein overworks the liver and kidneys and can cause protein toxicity.
- Carbohydrates are our most important macronutrient. It is a significant building block of plants.
- Carbs consist of glucose or sugar. Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and sunshine to form simple sugars.
- Our brain’s primary source of energy comes from glucose.
- There are three basic types of carbohydrates, sugar, cellulose, and starch. Each contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in specific configurations.
- Starch should be the basis of your diet and vegetables should have a smaller part.
- You shouldn't be afraid of carbs as long as they come from whole foods.
- Fats consist of complex molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
- The body uses fat for energy storage when there is no food available.
- Too much fat in our diet makes us fat and may lead to diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
- All plants contain adequate fat if you eat enough calories. Fats in your diet should be low, around 5-10% of your daily calories.
- There are two categories of fats: saturated fats and unsaturated fats.
- Saturated fat is solid at room temperature. The word "saturated" refers to the number of hydrogen atoms surrounding each carbon atom. Avoid saturated fat at all cost. The easiest way to do that is to stop eating animal products.
- There are only a few unsaturated fats we need and that our bodies can’t make by themselves.
- There are two subcategories of unsaturated fat, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats.
- Monounsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, but start to harden when chilled.
- Polyunsaturated fats have many unsaturated chemical bonds. Some polyunsaturated fats include omega-3 and omega-6 fats.
- Trans fats are one of the worst types of fat you can eat. Most of them form through a process called hydrogenation. It is an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oils.
- Micronutrients are one of the major groups of nutrients your body needs. It requires smaller amounts of micronutrients relative to macronutrients.
- Minerals support our growth, bone health, fluid balance, and other processes.
- Vitamins are necessary for energy production, immune function, blood clotting, and other purposes.
- Calories provide energy to our bodies.
- A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 ℃.
- BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate. It represents the number of calories you would burn in a day if you were inactive.
- Your activity level setting is an estimate of the calories you burn during the day. It includes activities of daily living and exercise.
- The easiest and cheapest way to get enough calories on a vegan diet is to focus on starches.
- One great way to monitor how much nutrients you get each day is by using the website Cronometer.com.
- You don't need to take many supplements if you eat a whole-food plant-based diet.
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Chapter 11: Closing Remarks
I hoped you liked The Ultimate Cancer Diet And Nutrition Guide and learned a lot. It can be overwhelming at first when everything is new. With the information provided you have a higher chance in succeeding on a plant-based diet.
The info in this guide is useless if you don't take action. The best way to start a plant-based diet is to create a goal.
If you don't know where to start, then join our 12 day Vegan Cancer Challenge. In this 7-day email course, you get everything you need to begin a plant-based diet successfully.
I wish you excellent health and prosperity.
Simon From Cancer Wisdom